Large number of social and cultural, psychological and biological factors are considered eating disorders (see Concept Review: contributor to eating disorders). As we end this chapter, consider the impact of each factor and the relevant arguments.
social, cultural and psychological factors to lean the social pressure for the United States may have a role in eating disorders, but many in such social pressure in people who do not have eating disorders . Therefore, the production of eating disorders may need some psychological factors involved.
social pressures and cultural orientation over the past few decades in the United States and Europe, eating disorders, especially bulimia nervosa and bulimia nervosa The prevalence rate increased (Striegel-Moore, 1995; Strunkard, 1999). On the contrary, in many developing countries, eating disorders are not common (Davis & Yager, 1992; Sobal & Strunkard, 1989). Psychologists Eating Disorders Historical differences in prevalence and cross-cultural differences and different historical periods and cultures between the standard of female beauty linked with (Garner & Garfinkel, 1980; McCarthy, 1990; Sobal & Stunkard, 1989). When the upper class to lean to when the United States, eating disorders become prevalent; to fat for the United States, the eating disorder less, but the increase in obesity. In developing countries, maybe people will be fat for the United States, because only the rich have access to food and gain weight .
aesthetic standards in the past 45 years, the United States and Europe, the pursuit of the ideal female body became thinner and thinner. fashion magazine model, Miss USA and Miss Universe winners, and even Barbie dolls (female beauty symbol) are constantly getting thinner (see Figure 15.4; Winseman et al., 1992). In recent years, fashion magazines on the skinny models in general, most of them adult women do not reach that figure.
thin pressure not only from the media and the Barbie doll supplier. for adults perception studies confirm each other, people think women are more body fat than thin women more feminine and attractive (eg, Guy, Rankin, & Norvell, 1980). Similarly, in public places (such as dining halls) of women with impunity eat a lot of food is also considered as an attractive small female food intake (Rolls, Fedoroff, & Guthrie, 1991). female attention to these clues, and in many ways to change their behavior to meet the expectations of the community (Thompson & Stice, 2001). For example, in some cases, the women to show their charm and femininity, or than other women to show their better, or to compete with other women, will choose a small amount of food (Mori, Chaiken, & Pliner, 1987; Dliner & chaiken, = 1990). Many students also confirmed that, when the friends around the dinner table, when they competition, look to each other what to eat each other, more calories, laugh at people who eat dessert, more common in men. lead to the root causes of this gender difference is, thin figure in women more than men in advocating and encouraging. For example, male and female fashion magazine survey found that women's magazines in the number of articles about dieting more than 10 times more than men's magazines (Andersen & DiDomenico, 1992; Nemeroff., 1994). half of the women complaining about their bodies often unsatisfactory, less than one-third of men (Thompson & Stice, 2001). In recent years, women articles in the journals have begun to shift from a simple diet fitness and exercise (Nemeroff et al., 1994). But unfortunately, women's motivation for weight control and exercise is still stronger than men, and exercise to control weight ratio of health The movement is more likely to lead to eating disorders, behavior (McDonald & Thompson, 1992).
, of course, not all women agree with this weight-loss culture. Table 15.6 is used to assess the weight of a cultural identity questionnaire extracted Some entries. longitudinal study found that cultural identity of thin women more prone to symptoms of bulimia nervosa, and over time, body dissatisfaction and dieting behaviors also increased (Thompson & Stice, 2001). experimental study found that intervention means to enable women to oppose the weight-loss culture, and recognize that the media so that they endorsed the thin cultural pressures, then their cultural acceptance of weight will drop, for body dissatisfaction, dieting behaviors and symptoms of bulimia nervosa also reduced (Stice et al., 2000,2001; Stormer & Thompson, 1998).
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