Mao Zedong's why the road from Peking Xibaipo into glasses and masks

 Mao Zedong's why the road from Peking Xibaipo into glasses and masks?
Wake Meng Zhang Fang Peking
began to move from the Xibaipo
the CPC Central Committee began to move from Shanxi to the northwest of the time Xibaipo 3, 1948 22, moved to Peiping from the days of Xibaipo March 23, 1949, the day the whole year. Even earlier, March 18, 1947 the days of Mao Zedong in Yan'an to leave. Mao himself said, did not think of the situation just two years to develop to the point where our full advantage. Shortly after the war, the National People do not wish to end the war, Mao Zedong had considered if the successful establishment of a coalition government, he moved from Nanjing to the close of Jiangyin . But the civil war opened, so the idea to simply not possible. large number of cadres and the army marched northeast, the Mao Zedong had the idea of its capital Harbin, the main consideration when one is backed by the Soviet Union, the second is the Northwest are not good enough all aspects of the environment . until the liberation of the whole territory of northeast, north of Harbin to too far, and completely lost the advantage of geography. Mao Zedong and Zhang Wentian discuss issues its capital, Zhangwentian argue that capital in Peking. First, the Nanjing government and distinguished, and second, Yuan, Ming These three recent dynasties are capital in Peking and the third is also conducive to Peking in the north of communication with the Soviet Union fall of .1945, also had the idea of capital in Chengde, and sent security forces to fight before the station. may be the liberation of northeast and near Chengde Peking in the right close to more advantage. but also the views of a capital in Xian, which includes the land on the northern deep feelings.
memories, according to Yang Shangkun, decided after the capital in Peking, when the relocation of the CPC Central Committee matter, in the end of 1948, early 1949 began to have discussions. At that time, the Fourth Field Army started going off soon. Thus, the CPC Central Committee in Peking has been regarded as a foregone conclusion.
As for the specific time of departure, Of course, because the liberation of Peking is difficult to determine not down. to mid-January 1949, the Peking talks already have looks, things will move in front of the. by the CPC Central Committee, Deputy Secretary General Yang Shangkun view that the rapid development of the situation, the possible move there early, be prepared to actively do this.
move when the guards of Mao
the specific requirements of the General Office of the preparation side during the move, the Central Social Department and started training there plainclothes security personnel. At that time, Social Affairs is to selection of the public view of social work staff. the beginning of the specific requirements:
1. poor peasant family background and political to be absolutely reliable;
2. the age of 25 years of age, physical health ;
3. have a Party standing of three years, five years military service.
but because of the difficulties before the election, then the requirements of Article III will be appropriate to relax.
1 月 18 afternoon, was chosen to troops Wong Jianping County, Hebei Village, West Course concentrated. This Course in the village of the two sitting in the courtyard west to east. south is teaching it at the yard area, north of the courtyard is the living area on the afternoon of 19 .1 Central Social Department, a responsible person to the hospital by name and announced the formation of the Southern situation. In the name before, from North China University of Li Guangren military units according to some reflection of the original directly to the person in charge of question: Training is run by the Ministry of Social plainclothes personnel training, after graduation is when we spy. Some of our comrades do not want when the spies, would like to return a large army north to continue learning, and good fighting the enemy on the battlefield after graduation. The official said: directly from the Li Kenong minister. You are selected according to strict standards of the politically reliable comrades, and take the most sensitive security missions, or to complete a specific task, you can also referred to as agents. However, We are talking here of the spies and agents of the KMT that engage in the assassination is totally different. three departments:
First Military and Political College in North China. This part of the comrades were not even ranked cadres, their long battle in front, with a wealth of combat experience. Second, the Central Guards Regiment. this part of the comrades were not even at the platoon level cadres , responsible for safeguarding their long-term Central Committee, the task of Chairman Mao, with rich experience in security work. Third, the CPC Central Committee Social Affairs. This part of cadres engaged in covert work long in enemy territory, with rich experience in the struggle against the enemy's anti-special. < br> departments from the three plain-clothes security cadres and mixed composition of teams, referred to as the undercover team. These three aspects together, complement each other, strong in the stronger. and then trained enough to play a difficult task.
undercover security team captain this is a high-rich, and there are instructors that focus, as Shen Ping, deputy instructor. the training process, but also out of a few people, for example, a person born Fuyuzhongnong, because higher family composition, did not pass further out of political censorship. there is another person's problems are talking in your sleep is not conducive to confidentiality and be eliminated.
to the peace agreement signed in Peking the next day, January 19, directly under the CPC Central Committee Deputy Minister of Supply Fan from the left for Peking, the resident survey for the central authority. only from this point, we can see, although still in the war environment, but communication is not only very smooth, quick action is efficient.
1 月 27 日Yang Shangkun gather directly under the CPC Central Committee, Minister of Supply Code of peach and other comrades Deng to move the problem was some discussion. That night, reported Zhou Yang Shangkun to discuss the situation. Zhou Enlai told Yang Shangkun: Central has roughly intention, about mid-March, the CPPCC was held preparatory meetings are expected to be. and contacts with the democrats. In the end, Mao Zedong obey the majority opinion.
Yang Shangkun Zhou also said: How many people go first, yet to be agreed upon. secret power, informing them of the relocation started.
for the move, Mao Zedong said: , we must plan and organize. Zhou Enlai led, Yang Shangkun and the deputy party secretary was directly responsible for implementation of the third class. first and foremost is to transport horses pack before moving many people carry. Now it's different, victories one after another, captured ten optical truck equipped with a battalion There are surplus. So, with the consent agreement Zhou, Yang Shangkun to Lin Biao, Lo Jung-huan called the telegraph, they proposed to send 100 ten large trucks to Xibaipo helped communications and liaison, security alert, accommodation and collusion, and many other matters, there are elaborate plans, and even the relocation process, Xinhua radio stations to broadcast without interruption, Yang Shangkun CPC United Front Work Department, and Deputy Minister are, Xinhua News Agency Liao et al were discussed.
2 月 1 on the afternoon, ready to go to Peking Yang Shangkun and Li Kenong discuss the move with the advance work.
Peking under the previous survey and the scope to the views from the back, said Yang Shangkun, Peking City where the situation is more complicated, security alert conditions are not ripe, the central authority should not be stationed in the city of Peking. This is in charge of intelligence work and long-term Li Kenong quite the same understanding of the situation.
Li Kenong said, though Peking is KMT North to say that Peking city has nine agents system, if that is the secret service everywhere, is not an exaggeration. namely, the KMT's Department of Defense Security Bureau, the halls, the party bureau, north Yan Xishan's spy system, and the United States and Britain Soviet spy agency. Meanwhile, with the continuous expansion of the liberated areas, northeast, north and northwest of the spy system is inventory, a large number of agents flows down into the hidden potential in Peking. the exact number of people in a short time, almost impossible to find out. Another special feature is that the peaceful liberation of Peking, the Kuomintang government, and military authorities in Peking who has retained many of us, which of the agents and the entire social and political environment of the clean-up more difficult.
For the short term, the central authority can not the city, Yang Shangkun, Li Kenong two quickly reached a consensus that the central authorities even moved to Peking, it should be a period of transition in the suburbs.
started to put the most organs of the CPC Central Committee the location of the city in Peking
night, Yang Shangkun and Li Kenong reported to Zhou Enlai their views. Enlai agree with their central authorities 3, left for Peking. to Peking, the Li Kenong that a new situation, the KMT's aircraft may bombing Peking, Peking city does not have air condition. by and Ye Jianying, Peng Zhen, many discussions, ideas from the City of Peking 20 kilometers away as the central organ of the Xiangshan temporary resident.
this end, Li Kenong Peking garrison commander Cheng Zihua, and also made a special trip to the Fragrant Hills were some investigation. Xiangshan, verdant forests, conducive to air. Later, double-check clearing house in Mao Before they built the house in front of a special air-raid shelter. Shuangqing villa can do Mao's residence. but not far away from the villa's double clear to Green Villa, but also as Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi resident. In addition One advantage is that an educational institution founded by Xiong Xiling m Xiangshan Salesian School, to accommodate the organs more than five thousand staff .2 9, Li Kenong to Xibaipo temporary central authorities sent a telegram of Xiangshan. < br> That night, Chou En-lai to the report of Chen Yun Xibaipo, Ronghuan proposed that the Fourth Field Army deployed the first of a division stationed in the area to the Fragrant Hills.
shortly after fieldwork commander received a telegram from the Central Military Commission: adjusted Wu strong (at the time was stationed in Tianjin, Wu Lie) went to Peking garrison.
Why only selected as Miss intense security guards? Wu Lie later recalled: stay in Peking, mainly because most of our cadres and soldiers from the division of Jiamusi and Mudanjiang area, the entire division of 15,000 soldiers, almost all of them are emancipated peasants, the liberation fighters small. So pure force. After receiving a telegram from the Central Military Commission, told Wu Lie said: participated in the Red Army, which has been engaged in security work. was originally agents of the Red Army Brigade General Front Committee, and later to the political security bureau defense team. Long March to Shaanxi, he taught the Central Guard battalion commander.
Japan After the surrender of the CPC Central Committee plans to leave Yenan, transfer to Chengde to go, put the central security group into two, into two groups. The original is still in use formerly the Central Guards Regiment, Wu Chengde brought fierce fighting before the station became the new security group Central first guards regiment. Later, as the war situation changes northeastern, central authorities can not go to Chengde. Zedong decided that local adaptation of the Central Guards Regiment in advance, and part of the Army of Liao Ji and Cha hot zone, by the military commander and political commissar of the Cheng Zihua directly leadership. to the appointment of Wu Ji and Cha intense heat thermal East Division commander of the Army of Liao area. Later, Wu Lie led his troops to the northeast, as the Fourth Field Army Forty-seven military sixteen Division. Still later, a six divisions and the Northeast scored with the customs field army, stationed in Tianjin.
sixteen divisions stationed in Peking, the designation was changed to Erqi division. under the jurisdiction of the three groups, and directly under the guard battalion, artillery battalion, communications battalion, engineer battalion, the reconnaissance battalion, etc. . At that time, Erqi division is still the commanding heights of m Hyangnobong Xiangshan, commonly known as The origin of
At this point, the need for confidentiality, Li Kenong to the central authority to determine a post-code into the Peking m stationed in the central authority for the Xiangshan related matters before the good layout, respectively, in the city alley bowstring 15, the joint of the Tsing Lung Bridge and the authority suburban center Xiangshan, set of three sites. alley in the city bowstring 15, the big for a temporary resident in Xiangshan Foreign Affair, home office equipment, residential appliances, other items of matters. located in the Summer Palace, not far from the Tsing Lung Bridge North Gate chaired the meeting. It Foreign Office said the transceiver can send and receive letters and the like no matter what. In fact, it is in charge of the resident's social survey center, and the social environment surrounding the consolidation of the resident to clean up; layout of guards and officers for travel between the central authority procedures for such matters as accommodation, which is a veritable defense agencies. Xiangshan year Peking Public Security Bureau had assisted at the transceiver and the University of labor in the Fragrant Hills on the work of hospitality. Xiangshan work in reception area for the third leg of the University by the CPC Central Committee Organization Department of the Bian Ji Zhong, Office of the CPC Central Committee General Office of the Executive Office Tianchou responsibility. entertaining and hospitality at the names have some relationship, but its main task is not entertaining, even if its object is a particular treat guests, the most The main responsibilities of the central authority is responsible for office and residential space in the layout, the Fragrant Hills area home repairs, rent, etc..
contact the authorities as the three stations, but also prosecutors, is prepared to play before the station authorities. three stations ring connected, not only in full swing preparing for meals, lodging and other essential matters, but also in the central authority to pre-set before the arrival of three defensive wall.
Peiping here for almost a month's time, it Xibaipo edge in the March 5 and held the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh CPC. We all feel that this is the last in the Shangougou in a major conference was held. Many people have already pre-excited after talking about the 13 before closing), Li Kenong sent a br> this time and the move pushed back ten days. a specific time until the March 17 evening, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh CPC communique has been drawn up yet published, be considered finalized: 3 23, left for the central authorities in Peking.
town with the situation. Yang Shangkun to operational arrangements, but also to seek the views of the participating units. Finally, Zhou cautioned that thought not to have fun, to keep a cool head. After the meeting, Zhou Yang Shangkun asked to arrive early to Peking on the 24th, a good layout to meet work. Yang Shangkun and Wu Yunfu (office of the Director of the Central Committee, Party Secretary directly under the central authority), Wang Dongxing, Ye Zilong discuss such a result, Wu Yunfu first visit with him in Peking, Wang Dongxing, Yezi Long adjourned.
next day, according to personnel changes, they decided to have three, Deng Code peach, Deng Jie, LIAO Zhi-high, five-member Local net new , there is one thing that Yang Shangkun very well. At that time, Hu Tsung-nan attack Yan'an, the central decision to give up in Yan'an, in order to transfer quickly, people try to pomp, and fear of something thrown away drag themselves into Peking from the opposite Xibaipo for fear of something not take, and what should be put on pots and pans. there was a leader, even a wooden bed also reluctant to give up hh Although this is a trivial matter, but Yang Shangkun not think our team into the city, already have, Members of Cheng Zihua, fieldwork and preliminary investigation Chief of Staff Liu Yalou Peking Minister Li Kenong central social four people together is five. take a look at this lineup, is enough to explain how seriously the Chinese Communists to move. After all, this is Chinese Communists for the first time as host from the countryside into the cities. To this end, the Commission proposed that the organization engaged in a grand welcome ceremony.
Xiyuan Airport reviewed the troops in motion
this, Mao said, engage in ritual , but not so much effort, only a small range of Xiyuan Airport, review what forces, and leaders of various democratic parties and patriotic personages without party affiliation were to report to. after I heard of Mao Zedong in Xibaipo engage welcome celebration of Baoding , said: North China Bureau telegraphed: ; Zhou T also specifically stressed: guards, air alert, and arrive in Peking to celebrate after the parade and the people and so on, Peking side of the Organizing Committee for the special meeting to conduct a rigorous deployment.
specific division of labor are: to Zhuozhou from the Tang County, from north China Military Region is responsible for; Zhuozhou to Changxindian by Shino's military is responsible for forty; Changxindian to Xizhimen, from fieldwork in an army is responsible for forty; Xizhimen to the Fragrant Hills by Li Kenong responsible; air alert, including the Xiyuan Airport, Xiangshan, etc. , by Liu Yalou responsible.
20 days, Ye Jianying, Nie and Li Kenong deployment of the joint will be telephoned Xibaipo, and suggested the central directorate in order to ensure the safety and rest, the CPC Central Committee after the change from Zhuozhou Xibaipo to train. Zhuozhou to Peking railway line can be Baochang Tong. Zedong Zhou Enlai asked the following evening the next day issued a response: us. Zhuoxian to Peking from the car prepared to do. is by car or by train, so we went to Zhuoxian before making a decision. Please either case you still do the preparation. Ministry Task Force held a security audit in the Fragrant Hills joint. chairing the meeting, the Central Social Department task force leader Wang Fan. to participate in the meeting of the Central Social Department, high-rich undercover team captain is responsible for the outskirts of the Fragrant Hills Branch Secretary XU Shou-five body and is responsible for the outskirts of Haidian Branch, Mr Zhang Feng, six. The meeting decided that the undercover team-based, rural five or six branches to help rural, together with the central office and stationed in the western suburbs of some of Wu was jointly established strong three check points. It is divided into three stations in Xizhimen, Haidian town and the Tsing Lung Bridge. investigation team also decided to set up the Summer Palace, Fragrant Hill in the points and the Summer Palace, Xiyuan Police Station.
meeting called for more stations to be in the March 23 established before the date of completion of .24, began to receive pieces of permit, inspection Xiangshan road leading to security settings that can be hidden favorable terrain, and Tsinghua University Park near the train station, north rural test site (now the China Academy of Agricultural Sciences) and around the Haidian Street West Side neighborhood composition of the complex probe thoroughly .24 night to complete leading to the Fragrant Hills, Xiyuan Airport along the highway, and key junctions, vital parts and complex areas of deployment of security forces.
3 22, Ye Jianying , Li Kenong telegram sent from Peking to confirm the preparation of Peking and removal of traffic along the route has been arranged such warning in place, the central authority can begin relocation. and reported that: . about sixty kilometers, two hours away. is to send each person in charge of two stations, a defensive call, a stare turnout and monitor vehicles. Zhuoxian for the central train heads into the North from the usual, as ensure safety, compiled into three trains, each train of eight wagons. The first of eight passenger trains linked to, contained a small number of cadres and security forces and security personnel for the pressure road vehicles, to Xizhimen stop, and then sent them by truck Xiangshan. The second train sleeper and a dining car linked to eight straight to open the station to Tsinghua. The third of five buses and three trains hanging luggage cart, open the front door of the station. If Changxindian by car from the airport to the Xiyuan, must pass through the city from the Grandmaster to Xizhimen to get to the airport after, and the city no good way to go, and to increase the security difficulties, to take the train to transfer to the West Park of Tsinghua Court properly airport.
immediate restoration Zhou Enlai: on to the Xibaipo, Shino to move the team by him.
money Yimin are to be planned by the central leaders of the 20 jeep ride did not in attendance at the scheduled time. likely because the road is not well, the situation is unfamiliar and other reasons, until at 2:20 on the 23rd jeep was all in attendance. The moving truck with the 100 still not in attendance until about to leave. The results, originally planned as part of agency personnel can not act on time boarding, some supplies and equipment can not be loading time. had to temporarily change the plan, first secretary of the jeep will be sent away, the original action with the secretary of the first group of officers, such as truck to start it later. because the pre-established plan is disturbed, Yang Shangkun said, , Zhu De, Ren Bishi, Lin Boqu, Lu Ting, Hu Qiaomu 11 vehicles such as riding, with the left marching to the Peiping.
Mao wearing glasses, masks the true purpose of the team probably
order is this: the first one is the security cars lead the way; the second vehicle in the Jipu Li, Mao and a few guards soldiers; and then the third car is a security vehicle; fourth fleet vehicles is the only one Xiao Woche, that is Liu Shaoqi; Jiang Qing, Wang Guangmei sat with her daughter Lina and a jeep on the subsequent; sixth vehicle is the Jeep, sitting Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao; followed Zhu a; then again is a Ren Bishi, land Given a family, Hu Qiaomu a; the tenth one is the last one hold the line car is equipped with a Yezi Long.
guards along the way as a small fleet of five trucks, sitting in the Central Guard sub-groups pistol and a rifle platoon with.
March, in the spring, germinating in the spring on the North China Plain, the Central Secretariat team raised billowing yellow smoke, can see all the way. sitting in the car of Mao Zedong still wearing glasses, a mask, wearing a raincoat. (not prepare the people along the enemy or recognized, but prepare for the dust all the way.
drive along the town near Su Guo, a signle press the third car horn, Mao Zedong told the driver to stop immediately, and head out loud Q: , but not clear exactly how. ; President, Vice-President of my report, please wait a minute. Lu Ting comrades turn the car into the ditch to the earth. OK? No one was injured, right? Members running back said: up. ;

several dangerous road on the way soon, turning down the jeep was a young soldier guards pulled together to come up. Dealers also a dangerous way, that is, Ren Bishi's car out of the trouble. his bike wheel cards in the Jeep in the hillside, put out the fire, almost turned down. but did not disturb Mao Ren Bishi. from Beijing to send to the driver technically competent, 三下五除二 put the car repaired, but near misses . The danger is not much time wasted, just like on a large force quickly.
This situation also shows that traffic is really bad. early spring just when the road Boiling, freezing night, the morning began to melt, to noon Road is full of mud, plus a car in North China Military Region of the U.S. mission driving the truck made ten days of moving goods and materials, as early as the simple country road's uneven grinding mill was completely different. some large potholes on the big trucks does not constitute an obstacle. as long as the throttle, you can sprint by. may constitute a threat to the car, even if strong horsepower sometimes difficult to pass in the Jeep.
scheduled to arrive before dark, Baoding, camp in Baoding. Baoding was the capital of Hebei Province, has been ready to welcome all the preparations. but bumpy road driving difficult, slow speed, the team to the Da Tang Shu Lu near the village of the county, the weather has been gradually dimmed , only local camp. Shu Lu Village was originally a military depot, camp was quickly ready.
night, slept in the village of Mao Zedong Li Daming, barricaded the door of the covered home. Although by the bumps along the way, but Mao's spirit is Well, working out of a night. Qianban Ye, Mao Zedong conversation with the village cadres. late at night, he sat one stool to take the shop's door when the table in the company of an oil lamp, grant writing material until East Dawning. years later, Li Daming memories that happened, said: . At the time, does not know is that I live Chairman Mao, and then I. Jiang Line with a baby girl living in my house vestibule where the North. wake of Mao Zedong. Zedong Li Yinqiao wake up to complain: sleep, he fears that you are resting well, and all the way to Lawton too tired. west to reach outside the square, before the station playing gay and Central District Party Committee under the guidance of the compound to the area open to the party. street lined with large crowd gathered, his face filled with laughter and surprises. drivers to Mao President of the Security, to accelerate the adoption. Zedong once warned: If a Japanese car or a car KMT, I am afraid they would have been hiding. before shaking hands with Mao firmly: .
not the forestry railway opening, the first to Zhou Enlai said: Carp meat, said: Rail, said: fish over Baiyangdian can not this Hong ah! is gratifying. food and clothing, like the work carried out. took off his glasses and mask on, waving to the crowd, was recognized. a pass to ten, hundred, out of tens of thousands gathered in the streets of onlookers.
comrades are worried about public security in case any accidents occur can not explain, so recommendations to the forest of iron, it is best to net Street, is open to disperse the people surrounded.
Lin iron guards said opinions, Mao said excitedly: Street? is simply afraid of something happening it! I think does not matter if you look at will be dead? , but to strengthen the security, the crowd gathered to organize. continue on the road, drove to the Zhuozhou.
guards along the way to Mao lesson
that evening, the team arrived in Zhuo Xian County. see, however, closed gates, guards reported that the central authorities approached the team to get into City, please open the door. gatekeepers sentry gun that can be refused accommodation, that there is no command leadership, who are not able to open. One soldier even stressed that Chairman Mao came, without orders from their superiors are not able to open .
Mao sitting in the car hear it quite plainly, not help but smile, smile and waved and said: requirements. a run to lead busy Sentinel. But after a while child, he returned alone, saying not found.
seeing through the dark days to go, but can only get in the city do nothing in the car. ...